BIOLOGY: NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

INHERITED indisposition:Huntington?s unsoundness is an inherited complaint capture affects the neurological comp peerlessnts in the brain. It is a variety in the turn extinct of htt protein and works the in catchy-hitting mHtt protein instead as the codon?s train mutated and form everyplaceabundanceively keen-sighted chains than is required. natural event:3-7 per 100,000 sight (Western European)1 per 1,000,000 plurality (Asian and Afri faeces) on that point is a 50% chance that the kidren suffer arrive at this illness. besides one of theP bents pauperism to suck this ailment in interpret for the child to corroborate a 50% chanceof also having this indisposition. but if a refer has a twining front sozzled tothe 40 repeat number, this allow be passed on, flat though that p bent does non pass water the unhealthiness. A child that inherits the mother?s ingredient for this repeat count go away ordinarily have the same repeat count number, provide d a child that receivesthe ingredient from its completeher bequeath have a slightly gameyer repeat count. Symptoms:The symptoms from Huntington?s malady are not spontaneous but puzzle forth and worsen with time and age. There are deuce-ace of import forms of the symptoms classified as, physical, cognitive and psychopathological. There are umpteen symptoms of this disease the main symptoms are:Physical:-chorea; unfitness to visualise voluntary random movements. -lisp, or word slurring-stiffness in muscles and back. -weight loss, receivable to the inability to engage chewing and swallowing. -continence, as unable to control catgut movements and muscle control. -health benefits, immune system more telling and increase joins of a tumour suppressant protein (p53)Cognitive:-abstract thinking is stricken-thought processers are slowed to heighten on correcting and controlling muscle movements. -short term recollection is impaired as brain is unable to on not effectiv ely able to store new information. -inabilit! y to infer or give away new concepts, skills and thoughts. Psychopathological:-anxiety-depression-emotions not as distinct-egocentrism-behaviour is more aggressive- mucklenot understand or detect anger, fear, sadness in other population. -addictions idler worsenCause:This disease is caused by a mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence during stall replication. In expression DNA the CAG repeat is intimately 7-35 repeats long, besides in mess with HD the repeat is lots high gear-pitcheder. The mutation causes universal formation of the Htt protein to depart into production of a mutated less effective form mHtt which will eventually choose to poundting the disease. People with a repeat of about 40 or over will discipline the disease, the adpressed the repeat is to normal the later or less repulsively they will develop the disease. near children or teenagers develop this disease sooner abominablely early on in their sustenance, this is usually called jejune HD. With people featureing from Juvenile HD the repeat CAG sequence is extremely long and these children could have a a good have intercourse shorter lifespan. give-and-take:There is no bring round to this disease or even a discussion to fully gunpoint its progression. in time the symptoms created by the disease post be inured. By constant care, medication and supervise the soul may be able to increase their life expectancy dramatically. Medications; anti depressants, sedatives or antipsychotics toilette be administered to people who wish to treat the symptoms that substitute or change their emotions. Therapy; Therapies that mend or refine push back skills on patients with not more than progression of the disease is unfeignedly effective in maintaining and aiding in using and controlling their muscle movements as the disease worsens. These acknowledge; speech therapy, muscle therapy etc? bread and butter; when the person has the disease a high fat regimen is r equired in sustaining their soundbox weight as the d! isease has the ability to make the person lose signifi tail assemblyt amounts of weight. The high fat foods must be from a natural and nutritionary source and not be high in saturate fats. However, for people who are thus far to have the disease but have a high possibility of evolution it, should not eat high fat foods as they will speed up the time it would be to develop the disease and their IQ may drop. Liquids are impregnable for HD sufferers to swallow so thickeners force out be added to the liquids to allow them to be swallowed easier and safer. Omega 3 fatty acids are also face-saving in lessen down the progression of the disease. NUTRITIONAL DEFICENCY: woeful is a disease developed when on that point is not plenteous Vitamin C in the organic structure. Vitamin C is responsible for production of collagen in humans and a deficiency in this could lead to severe consequences and possibly death. Occurrence:This Disease was well-nigh green with sailors and pirates, or soldiers that were unable to have equal to(predicate) intake of Vitamin C as they had not much access to fresh foods containing adequate amounts of Vitamin C, match oranges and other citrus fruits. Scurvy in modern stiff solar day society is quite rare moreover it is more common in babies that are existence feeding bottle fed as the formula may not have all or adequate amounts of vitamin C like nipple milk contains. However, even though commercially available formulas have added vitamin c, the vitamin c bath be destroyed if it is heated or left in storage for overly long. In almost(prenominal) ordinal orb countries where fresh nutritional food is rare, umteen people suffer from funky as they suffer from malnutrition and insufficiency of Vitamin C. Symptoms:The symptoms can let in:-the peel, predominantly on the legs, produces tardily purple spots. -the gums establish semisoft and spongy and teeth are easy lost-skin can become pale as in that location is les s blood circulation (pallor)-mucous membranes, much(! prenominal) as the eyes, nose etc, can bleed. -gums can start to bleed-healed wounds can reopen as the amount of collagen decreases-previous thrum fractures can reopen-eyes can become more sunken- Scorbutic tongueCause:The disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the body. By at that place being less Vitamin C collagen production can decrease and the amount of collagen in the body can disintegrate. If suffering is not treated adjacently it can lead to death. However, all that is indispensable for a full reco actually is increased Vitamin C levels. umpteen third world countries have higher instances of scurvy as they may not have access to foods high in Vitamin C and can develop this disease quite easily. However with treatment and medical attention scurvy can be easily cured with Vitamin C intake. Collagen is very important in the skin as connective glue for connective tissue paper. For normal collagen deduction to be performed there unavoidably to be adequate amounts of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. These ii substances cannot be produced without the enzymes Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase (catalyse the reaction to produce hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine) which require ascorbic acid(vitamin C) to function. intercession:Fruits and Vegetables:Treatment for scurvy is quite basic. Any food or supplement that is high in Vitamin C will have immediate effects and positive results. Substances high in vitamin C are; any citrus fruits or fruits such(prenominal)(prenominal) as blackcurrants, guava, kiwifruit, papaya, tomatoes and strawberries.

Some vegetables are also rich in Vitamin C, suc h as: carrots, capsicums, broccoli, potatoes, cabbage! , spinach and paprika, as well as some keep vegetables. Supplements:There are also supplements that are very high in Vitamin C (ascorbic Acid) and are extremely effective in the treatment and cure of scurvy. As these supplements have a very long shelf life, easy to transport, provide excess amounts of Vitamin C and are virtually non perishable they are one of the most effective ways of curing scurvy in many third world countries. Vitamin C is very hard to overdose on as the body will but soak up as much as it needs and excrete the rest, however in extremely high amounts over a long period can result in Vitamin C overdose, and fraught(p) women who overdose can actually cause abjure scurvy in their child. Vitamin C aids in right awayen out absorption, which can be beneficial in the recommended boundaries however if there is too much Vitamin C it can lead to a much more serious disease, iron poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE:Asbestosis is a disease resulting from inhalation of as bestos fibres in the environment, usually from moving-picture show to asbestos walls or pissings. Occurrence:Asbestosis occurs in individuals with extended and prolonged insistent exposure to asbestos which produces asbestos fibres in the air or from the mining of asbestos. The bulk of people who have this disease are miners, who mine the asbestos, builders who build with it, manufactures who produce it, people in constant contact or exposure to it or people involved with its removal. Symptoms:There are ten-fold symptoms associated with asbestosis these can include:-shortness of snorkel breather or overweight breathing. -inability to put breathing while exercising-a sufferer is more believably to develop mesothelioma orlung cancer. Cause:Asbestosis is caused by the frizzly and microscopic fibres loot and damaging the delicate lung tissue. There are two forms, straight and sharp or curled. These fibres are inhaled and penetrate the delicate layers of the lung tissue where the body creates an immune response and an inflammat! ory reaction. Asbestos can not be digested so when Macrophages phagocytise try to digest these foreign fibres they die. erst departed they attract more macrophages and fibrolastic cells that create layers of fibrous tissue, this wheel around continues forming a large fibrous mass eventually resulting in interstitial fibrosis. This thickens the walls of the lungs and reduces elasticity and gas diffusion in and out of the cell walls of the lung, resulting in shortness of breath. Treatment:There is no cure for this disease and the effects and damage ar irreversible, however there are treatments that can alleviate some of the symptoms such as:-oxygen therapy; when given at any sign of shortened breath can help aid in breathing. -chest percussion and quiver of the chest, can help release the mucus in the lungs and respiratory system. - Respiratory physiotherapy, can also remove any unwished mucus secretions on the lung tissue through postural drainage. -Nebulised Medications can h elp to reduce the amounts or reduce the burdensomeness of the mucus in the lungs depending on the severity of the case. BIBLIOGRAPHY: (name, updated, address, accessed)Wikipedia-Huntington?s Disease18 may 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingtons_disease15/5/08Wikipedia-Scurvy16 May 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy15/5/08Wikipedia-Asbestosis5 May 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestosis17/5/08 If you wishing to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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